Spring washer



R. F. GOLDEN SPRIHG WASHER Filed May 8, 1923 Hil 6 //1 a J. $4 I l I 4.HoZer-i ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 19, 1924.

' UNITED"- STATES To all whom) it may comm: 1

Be it known that 1, ROBERT F. GoLnEN, a'citiaen of the United States,residing at South Orange, in the county of Essex and 5 State ofvNewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in SpringWashers; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of v In spring-washers of the split-ring t 'pe' asheretofore constructed, whether t eywere of the plain spiral typeor ofthe cor- 2 rugated or deformed type, and whether the material wasrectangular 1n cross-section or of other shapes (as, for example, ofkeystone shape) the material transversely has been in planessubstantially at right angles 2 to the axis of the spiral, so that whenthe spring-washerwas compressed between parallel surfaces, all portionsof the width were deflected an equal distance. Theinner circumference ofa spring-washer is considerably shorter than the outer circumfer enceand, since the strains setup in defleeting a rod, or a section of a rod,are directly proportional to the distance it is deflected and inverselyroportional to its length (gthat is to say, t e strains increase as theistance deflected increases, and increase'as the'length of the 'roddecreases) it follows that -in such spring-washers the material at andnear the inner circumfer- 4o ence was subject to greater strains thanthe material at and near the outer circumference; whereas,- in order tosecure maximum efliciency, all portions of the material should besubject to the same strains, as

otherwise the elastic limit of one portion will be exceeded before thatof another portion is reached.- In order to increase the efiiciency ofthe spring-washer, I so fashion the material composing it that the Vinner and shorter circumference of the spring-washer will, in the act ofbeing compressed between parallel surfaces, be deflected a less distancethan the outer and longer circumference, so that-all portions of'tiallythe same strains.

* I 1,505,256 PATENT ome a 'nonnnr r. GOLDEN, or sou'rn omen, newJEnsEY, ASSIGNOR TO 'rnnnarIoNAL Loox wasnna comrmx, or NEWARK, newmsny, a coaroaarron or New srme wasnnm Application filed Kay 8, 1928.Serial No. 637,432,

the material will be subject to substan- In a spring-washer of thesplit-ring type,

eitherspiral or deformed, or both spiral and deformed, be subject tocompression be: tween parallel surfaces, it will be comstrains whichtend to compress or crimp the metalwhich is inside the medial' line ofthe spring-washer, and without developing any strains which tend toexpand or rupture of the spring-washer, as would be the case if thespring-washer were a continuous one, or if the ends of the spring-washerwere not free to move, as they are in the split-ring type ofspring-washer. Such flattened conpletely flattened out withoutdeveloping any 05 the metal which is outside-stile medial line dition Iwill call the ultimate plane of compression. By forming a spring-washer-of the split-ring type so that-the inner and shorter circumferencedeparts from the ultimate plane of compression by an amount less thandoes the outer and longer circumference, thestrains in ortions of thematerial throughout its wi th may he substantially, equalized. In such aspring- Washer the spiralit of the inner circumference is less than t atof the outer circum ferenoe-or, in other words, the inner.cir-

cumference in approaching the ultimate,

plane of compression moves a shorter distance than does the outercircumference. In so fashioning the spring-washer, I prefer to make thematerial transversely in planes converging to a. common the axis ofthe'washer, although this is not necessary to'the embodiment of myinvention in its broader aspects. 7

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is an elevation in perspective of. aspringwasher of a plain spiral split-ring type constructed in accordancewith the preferred form, of my invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a. section on the line 4-4: of

Figure 5 is an elevation in perspective of a spring-washer similar tothat shown in Figure 1, butwith the material formed in a seriesofcorrugations or deformations.

Fi ure 6 is a plan view of the structure point on Figure 7 is a sectionon the line 7-7 of Fi ure 6. I

igure 8 is a section on the line 8 -8 of Figure 6.

In each of the figures, 9- is a springwasher of the split-ring type.A-,A is the this is not necessary, to my invention in its broaderaspects) that these planes all meet at a common point on the axis A-A.The essential thing is that, in a practical sense, theinnercircumference of the spring- Washer, as is clearly shown in thedrawings, in being deflected to or toward the ultimate plane ofcompression, moves a shorter distance than does the outer circumference.In other words, considering the spring-washer as made up of a series ofparallel rods which are progressively shorter as they approach the innercircumference, and are progressively longer as they approach theoutercircumference, these .rofis, in being deflected toward or to theplane of ultimate compression, are deflected distances substantiallydirectly pro:

tially meet at .an apex locaterl on the axis thereof. l

3. A spiral spring-Washer of the splitring type, the material thereoftransversely being so formeri that the pitch of those spiral linescontaineii in the inner circumference is less than the'pitch of thosespiral lines contained in the outer circumference.

In testimony whereof I afix my signature hereto;

ROBERT F, GOLDEN. r

